- Use of pesticides
Golf course greens are prone to disease, soil compaction, mechanical damage and algae infestation due to low and high frequency of pruning, mechanical and human rolling, humidity and temperature, dead grass layer, irrigation and bird and animal infestation. Among them, the use of green diseases is greater than insect pests, green diseases mainly occur in the seasonal change and a special period of weather, the diseases are different according to the region and grass species, which are common mainly brown spot, spring spot, summer spot, currency spot, rot, rust, powdery mildew, sickle wilt, anthrax and so on.
Most lawn diseases use the same pesticides as crops, commonly used types include organophosphorus, organic sulfur, azole, substituted benzenes, etc., commonly used drugs include mancozeb, chlorothalonil, methyl tolbuzine, methyclozole, propionazole, pyrimethazil, carbendazim, thiobacillam, Metalaxil, Formetriazole, triazole copper, etc., fungicides are divided into protection and killing classes, The amount of general protection is 20g/100 square meters, and the single amount of 12,000 square meters of green is about 2.5-3L or kg powder. The amount of drugs used for extermination is increased to 1.5-2 times that for protection. If excessive will cause drug damage to the lawn, the harm of drug damage is basically equivalent to the disease of non-block dead lawn. Most of these fungicides have a soil retention ratio of more than 4 weeks and are used at intervals of not less than 2 weeks.
The green is prone to disease mainly in May to October, the normal disease is no disease 3-4 weeks to prevent once, when the onset of 6 weeks 3 times. When there is no prevention or treatment of illness, the effect of disease prevention drugs is minimal and no longer used. The greens get sick about 1-2 times a year. Overall, the annual drug frequency of the above green is roughly 7 prevention 1 treatment or 6 prevention 2 treatment.
The total amount of green fungicide is about 36L-40L, and it is completely decomposed by soil after sealing or winter and spring, and basically no residue. If the turf manager or supervisor is inexperienced or has just been transferred to manage new varieties, even if the total amount of fungicide is doubled, the maximum use is about 80L/ year.
The use of insecticides on the course, the pests on the course mainly include green insects, nematodes, various moths, earthworms, crickets, grubs, etc., according to the seasonal characteristics of the pests, the green area and some fairways are generally killed. Due to the great difference in the environment of various regions, the compromise is generally needed to kill 1.5-2 times, to the Guoguang or Baiwei product description about the need for insecticide 120-200L or kg, the pesticide half-life is generally 30-90 days, and the whole year can meet the decomposition of 2 times. At the same time, pest control requires a certain level, careful observation and control of the timing is very important.
There are also non-pesticide methods to manage lawn pests and diseases, such as spraying salt water, lime water, and increasing light and ventilation in lawn work.
Lawn weed management will also use pesticides, but mainly to spot or block killing. The annual dosage of such drugs is generally between 15-30L, and it is rarely used in large areas. Weed treatment is also related to the management of the club, some clubs require the lawn to be clean, the tolerance of weeds is low, and some clubs think that weeds are also scenery, yes can be repaired.
As mentioned above, the annual cost is generally between 40,000 and 80,000 yuan. Basically will not cause environmental pollution, in addition to the elimination of insects in the stadium and the surrounding organisms, there are few fish and birds killed by pesticides. Samples of soil and water quality in normal operating months are completely below the environmental requirements. (The warning line will be exceeded on the day of medication (no actual operation), and if there is heavy rain within 4 hours of medication or 3 days later, the sampling analysis will be fully up to the standard (actual operation)).
The above is the general use of pesticides on the field, many media say that the use of pesticides on the field is measured in tons or dozens of tons, which is serious pollution to the soil and the environment. This is just a passive absorption of information about the demonization of golf, and there are not a few rumormongers. The annual drug consumption in most areas of the golf course is lower than any kind of normal production of crops, and the pesticide consumption in the green area is more than 3 times that of economic crops, so the green area needs to use low-toxicity, efficient and rapid decomposition of drugs, and the price is high.
What we see is not always true, and what we hear is even worse. If you see the lawn irrigated, you probably do not know the sprinkler flow and pressure and single watering time, the number and order of sprinkler work at the same time, even the court irrigator will not know all. When you see workers spraying liquid on the lawn, you may not know whether it is salt water or pesticides, treatment or insecticide, the proportion, the composition or half-life and residual time, how effective, and how much it costs. So we have to get information from what looks like professional but disinformation or demonizing media, typically presenting a very extreme case to represent everything.
3, the use of fertilizer
The fertilizer of golf course is divided into: fairway fertilizer and green fertilizer according to the use of regional zoning, of which fairway fertilizer is divided into organic and inorganic fertilizer, fertilizer 2-3 times a year, usually applied 1 organic fertilizer and 2 times compound fertilizer. There are more kinds of fertilizers, Zhengzhou Gaofu, Shandong middle farmers are large-scale manufacturers, complete varieties. If the common crop fertilizer can also be applied, but it is not as effective as the lane fertilizer, and the nutrition is balanced. The application amount of compound fertilizer is not higher than 20g/ m2 / year calculated by nitrogen, and the fertilizer application amount of Bermuda grass is about twice that of Bermuda grass. The use of organic fertilizer is not more than 15g/ m2 / year, and some courts simply do not use organic fertilizer. In summary, the annual amount of compound fertilizer applied in the fairway is not more than 36 tons, and the organic fertilizer is not more than 6 tons. Fertilization season is generally in early spring – mid-spring, summer, early autumn, before fertilization, it is best to do some soil testing, plant inspection to determine the fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and trace element ratio, while understanding the lawn at each fertilization node need to give the grass plant which part of the proper nutrition.
Green fertilizer classification is more, the common slow-release fertilizer, quick-acting fertilizer and leaf fertilizer, most fertilizers are nitrogen > potassium > phosphorus, different seasons of growth requirements of fertilizer types are different, pay special attention to distinguish the soil test can be absorbed by the plant effective components and ineffective components, so as to avoid the occurrence of a certain element test results are high, but can not be absorbed by the plant situation. Soil laboratory analysis and water quality analysis are also required to facilitate the selection of different types of fertilizers. Green fertilizer should choose 2 or more fertilizers to avoid the slow effect of long-term use of a single brand. The frequency of fertilization is about once every 4 weeks, and the application effect is better after drilling or combing. Cross application of slow release fertilizer and fast acting fertilizer. During the period, foliar fertilizer or homemade liquid fertilizer can be applied according to the situation (that is, common compound fertilizer, urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium nitrate, etc., single or proportionally-dissolved in water for foliar spray). The application amount of granular fertilizer is about 15-20g/ m2 in non-rainy season and about 10-12g/ m2 in rainy season. Liquid fertilizer or foliar fertilizer about 10-15g/ square meter, dilution 500-800 times more.
The green is fertilized at a rate of 3-4 tons per year, and 4-6 tons may be required if the green period remains long.
The annual fertilizer of the course is about 40 tons, and if the climate and soil quality are good, the maintenance requirements can generally be reduced to 15-25 tons.
